In reaction to the NSW police raid and confiscation of some of his work, a gallery in Albury has also removed a number of Bill’s other works: Another gallery removes Henson nudes, ABC, May 26, 2008. “The council’s James Jenkins says police have been asked to look at the works, which have been exhibited before without complaint.” (Also Gallery removes Henson photos / Henson hit again, Victoria McDonald and Brad Worrall, The Age, May 26, 2008.)
Whatever the good burghers of Albury might suddenly discover about the photos that have been hanging on their gallery’s walls, PM Krudd is under fire for his denunciation of Henson’s work as “revolting”. Australian PM under fire in row over art and pornography (AFP, May 26, 2008): Playwright Michael Gow, the artistic director of the Queensland Theatre Company, is quoted as opining that KRudd’s revulsion “was at odds with Rudd’s comments at a brain-storming meeting he called last month which included 100 leading members of the country’s arts community. “Among the many cliches endorsed at the 2020 Summit was the one about art… being provocative and challenging,” Gow wrote in a letter to the Sydney Morning Herald. “Now that some art has provoked, what has happened? The prime minister who invited us to Canberra has questioned the abilities and credentials of a major Australian artist.” Writing in The Sydney Morning Herald (Festival of filth and wagging tongues, May 27, 2008), Annabel Crabb reckons “POLITICIANS should keep out of art”. Which begs the question: should artists stay out of politics?
Unlike Albury, a Wollongong gallery reckons its gonna keep on keeping on with Henson (Wollongong gallery keeps Henson art, Jodie Minus, Illawarra Mercury, May 26, 2008). The question is: will they be inviting the police in to offer some expert advice?
The Age editorial (Consent is central issue in the Henson debate) of May 27 argues that “At the heart of this matter lies something more profound and of greater concern than the perhaps irresolvable question of whether Henson’s images of pubescent children are art or pornography. The crucial issue is that of consent: can a 13-year-old give mature consent to being depicted in this way?” Legally speaking, the answer is quite probably ‘no’, which is also the opinion of former judge and law professor George Hampel (Henson model could sue, Karen Kissane, The Age, May 27, 2008).
In a final example of the reaction of the corporate/state media sector to the controversy, following his comrade Andrew Bolt’s lead, Tim Blair in The Daily Telegraph (Bone of artistic contention, May 27, 2008) weighs in, taking a free kick at leftists/the art world/Catharine Lumby.
Oh yeah, millionaire street artist Banksy got competition. While his uncle is busy being revolted, Young Rudd’s fiery artwork too hot for council to handle, apparently (Michelle Grattan, The Age, May 23, 2008): “MELBOURNE City Council has rejected a controversial painting by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd’s nephew that depicts the clown Ronald McDonald carrying the Olympic torch past a burning monk.” Which is not the first time the MCC has gotten more than it’s bargained for from some upstart artist: in May 2004, Azlan McLennan’s Fifty Six was given the arse, and the MCC also told him to piss off from an exhibition in September 2005.
Above : McLennan’s work being cleansed
Finally, a fact that is both obscene and not-obscene. Since the end of the G20 summit in Melbourne on November 19, 2006 to today — and despite the protestations of thousands of young people organised by some young social entrepreneurs — UNICEF estimates that 16,650,000 children have died as a result of poverty-related causes.
Having updated the small ranks of the Francis de Groot Brigade, I thought I may as well update the Trot Guide, last overhauled in August 2006. In the intervening two years, there’s been a number of exciting developments.
Plan A
First, unfortunately, I can find almost bugger-all information on the following vanguards, rendering them almost certainly Dead Parrots:
1 ) Committee for a Revolutionary Communist Party in Australia: A Maoist groupuscule associated with the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM), formed as the result of an expulsion from the Communist Party of Australia in 1984, the CRCPA was previously known as the Committee to Reconstruct the Communist Party of Australia (PDF) and may also be known as the Marxist Workers Party of Australia. RIM was established in 1983/4, in an attempt to consolidate the global forces adhering to Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. Now, I’m not absolutely sure about this, but the RIM appears to have done its job, and dissolved. Or at least, the journal associated with RIM, A World to Win, no longer provides links to any groups belonging to it. In fact, the journal itself appears to have ceased publication in 2006. AWtW does, however, maintain a blog, the most recent entry for which is dated May 20, 2008…
As for the CRCPA, the most recent missive I can find is dated 1996, from the magazine Rabblerouser, No.11, June 1996, and concerns The Glorious People’s War in Peru, conducted under the auspices of the Communist Party of Peru (Partido Comunista del Perú) aka Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) of Presidente Gonzalo, aka Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso. The Glorious Leader is currently incarcerated at the Callao naval base, near the city of Lima, Peru, and has been since 1992. In 2004, a bloke called Artemio popped up claiming to be the (new) leader, and announced a new wave of activity. Note that it’s estimated that the Dirty/People’s War between the Peruvian state and armed rebels claimed the lives of approximately 70,000 people during the period 1980–2000. On a flimic note, the Peruvian war formed the basis of a novel (Nicholas Shakespeare, The Dancer Upstairs, Harvill, 1995) and John Malkovic’s directorial debut, The Dancer Upstairs (2003).
2 ) Communist Left Discussion Circle: A tiny mob adhering to the Left Communism propounded by the International Communist Current. Nothing’s been heard of them for several years (2005).
*3 ) Marxist Initiative: Um, as far as I can figure out, ‘Marxist Initiative’ — whoever or whatever it is — is actually alive, well (presumably), and taking some part in the publication of the Australian Socialist, “A Progressive Independent Marxist Journal of Ideas and Discussion”. Three cheers and a loud huzzah!
4 ) National Preparatory Committee of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Australia: A sad fate for a group with such an awesome name, the National Preparatory Committee of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Australia appears to be an urban myth, which is disappointing news, as I especially like the name, and will run with any excuse to repeat it. That number again: National Preparatory Committee of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Australia.
5 ) New Era Communist Party of Australia: See above. Sad, but not as sad as above.
6 ) October Seventh Socialist Movement: Um… er… ah… hello?
*7 ) Socialist Appeal: Socialist Appeal is extraordinarily limited, its adherents claiming affiliation to the fabulous legacy of the International Marxist Tendency (IMT). The IMT was formerly known as the Committee for a Marxist International, which emerged as a split from Militant in the UK in 1992, renaming itself in 2006. Its chief ideologue was Ted Grant (1913–2006), who has since been replaced by Alan Woods (1944–). …Oh! Socialist Appeal also has an awesome new website: Fightback.
8 ) Socialist Democracy: Still dead.
9 ) Socialist Labor Party of Australia: See above.
10 ) Trotskyist Platform (TP): Off hunting wabbits?
11 ) Workers’ League (WL): Also likely to be found off hunting wabbits. Since 2003.
12 ) Workers’ Power (WP): WP expelled 33 members of its Fifth International in July 2006, including 5 members from Australia. Happily, the Australian section has survived, and continues to eke out an existence as ‘Revo Australia’. “Revolution is a socialist youth organisat[i]on based in Melbourne, Australia”. If correct, I think Revo must have found the Fountain of Eternal Socialist Yoof.
Plan B
While some groups may (or may not) have disappeared into the dustbin of history, others have dissolved only to re-appear in a new form:
1 ) Communist Party Advocate(s): The Advocate or Advocates have since morphed into an online journal called Labor Tribune, and constitute a tiny left-wing fraction within the Australian Labor Party (ALP).
2 ) International Socialist Organisation (ISO): The ISO has merged with the SAG and Solidarity.
3 ) Marxist Solidarity Network (MSN): The MSN has re-named itself ‘Direct Action’.
4 ) Socialist Action Group (SAG): The SAG has merged with the ISO and Solidarity.
Plan C
1 ) Communist League (CL): The CL lives! CL member Ronald Poulsen contested the seat of Watson in NSW in the 2007 Federal election, and got 424 votes, or 0.5% of the total, for his trouble.
2 ) Communist Party of Australia (CPA): The Party Formerly Known as the Political Artiste “Socialist Party of Australia”, it changed its name in October, 1996.
4 ) Democratic Socialist Perspective (DSP): Until very recently, the DSP was likely the largest organisation on the left outside of (arguably) the ALP and the Greens. Unfortunately, earlier this month, the DSP underwent a split, with approximately 1/5 of its membership departing. (DSP statement, May 13, 2008.) The DSP’s yoof wing, Resistance, has also been going through difficult times, while its Socialist Alliance is in seemingly terminal decline…
5 ) Direct Action (DA): When a half-dozen members of the DSP left it in 2006, they formed the Marxist Solidarity Network. Then Workers & Community First. Now they appear to have settled on Direct Action. Worryingly, however, DA has made overtures to another mob to have left the DSP (the Leninist Party Faction), so who knows how long DA will last?
Gah! Exactly two days after posting, DA announced its merger with the LPF to form the RSP. XYZ!
7 ) Leninist Party Faction (LPF): NEW! The LPF consists of a few dozen former DSP members expelled earlier in the month. Its status as an independent party is a little tenuous at the moment. Most recently, DA has offered the LPF the opportunity to join them in a new vanguard.
Hah! An offer which has been courteously accepted.
8 ) Progressive Labour Party (PLP): Prior to the emergence of SA in 2001, the PLP — formed in 1996 — was the most recent attempt to forge a left-wing workers’ party to rival the ALP. Like the CL, SA, SEP and SP, it contested the last Federal election in November 2007. The results? In the race for a seat on the NSW Senate, the PLP gained 948 votes or 0.02%.
9 ) Revo Australia (Revo): As indicated above, Revo formed a couple of years ago, and meets in a phonebox somewhere in Melbourne.
10 ) Socialist Alliance (SA): Formed in 2001 as an alliance of eight or so parties of the (far) left — the AWL, DSP, ISO, FSP, SAlt, Socialist Democracy, Worker-Communist Party of Iraq (in Australia) and Workers League — the Alliance has gradually unravelled over the last seven years. SAlt was the first go, followed by Socialist Democracy (dissolved in December 2005), WP (April 2006), ISO (January 2007) and the FSP (March 2007). The Worker-Communist Party, Workers League and Workers Liberty apparently remain part of the alliance, if an inactive one, and SA was joined by the DSP’s yoof wing Resistance in 2003 and the Chilean Popular and Indigenous Network in 2004/5. Meaning that the de facto reality for SA is that it functions as an electoral front for the DSP. Electorally, SA battles the LaRouchite Citizens Electoral Council as least popular electoral grouping.
11 ) Socialist Alternative (SAlt): next to and perhaps even exceeding the DSP, SAlt is one of if not the largest groups on the (far) left. Forming as a split from the ISO in 1995, SAlt was, unlike the ISO, savvy enough to avoid joining the SA, and in subsequent years has gained a good deal of recruits on University campuses, especially in Melbourne, effectively displacing Resistance and the ISO as a transmission belt for Trotskyism. On the other hand, it has undergone one minor split in Brisbane, when SAG was formed; SAG has now re-joined the ISO in the new party called Solidarity.
12 ) Socialist Appeal: In exciting news (to me), Socialist Appeal has a website! Called Fightback! Fightback aims “to bring you articles about the struggle for socialism both from Australia and around the world. Articles on this site will also present socialist analysis and theory which are indispensible weapons in the struggle for socialism.” Live long and prosper!
13 ) Socialist Equality Party (SEP): The SEP is the name given to the efforts of the wsws.org to get bumped into Parliament. As is the case with other groupings on the (far) left, the results have been equivocal. Or as Marx, Engels, Lenin and/or Trotsky may have put it: abysmal. For last year’s Federal election, in NSW, the SEP ran candidates in Charlton, Chifley, Grayndler, Kingsford Smith, Newcastle and Parramatta; in Victoria, Calwell and Melbourne; and in WA, Swan. The SEP also called on proletarians to vote for them in the Senate contests in NSW and Victoria. In Charlton, Terry Cook got 404 votes; in Chifley, James Cogan got 1,069 votes; in Grayndler, Patrick O’Connor did less good, gaining just 328 votes, and coming last; so did Alex Safari (1,096 votes) in Kingsford Smith, and Noel Holt in Newcastle (277 votes). Chris Gordon, on the other hand, with 261 votes, beat some bloke called Alistair into last place in Parramatta. Across the whole of this wide brown land, 4,542 people voted for the SEP to join the Senate; 12,983,272 people did not. Check yourself before you wreck yourself: SEPElectionSite07.
14 ) Socialist Party (SP): As far as I can tell, the SP is pretty much where it was mid-2006. It has the unique distinction of being the only Marxist mob in the country to have someone elected to local office; its returns in the last Federal election, however, were very poor. See also: UNITE, “Australia’s fighting union for fast food and retail workers in Victoria”.
15 ) Solidarity: Shazam! Solidarity has been completely reinvigorated in the preceding period, having merged with the ISO and SAG, and it is now the official, authorised, accept-no-substitutes embodiment of Tony Cliff/Yigael Gluckstein Thought in Australia. As such, Solidarity/the iSt is likely to once again rival the DSP and SAlt for the hearts and minds of today’s Marxist-inclined yoof.
16 ) Spartacist League of Australia (SL): The SL remains both incredibly bad-tempered! and obscure! But still brimming with revolutionary enthusiasm! for the teachings of Marx! Engels! Lenin! & Trotsky! “It is the class struggle of the multiracial proletariat, led by a Leninist-Trotskyist party, that can open the road to overthrowing this deeply racist, decrepit, capitalist system through workers revolution. Only under the rule of the working class and based on a planned collectivised economy will it be possible to address the special needs of Aboriginal people created by more than two centuries of capitalist injustice and oppression. The multiracial working class must come to the defence of their Aboriginal brothers and sisters now! Cops/military out of Aboriginal communities! For proletarian-centred defence of Aborigines against racist terror! For a workers republic of Australia, part of a socialist Asia!”
In today’s Crikey, Clive Hamilton expands upon — actually, merely re-elaborates — his earlier essay on Bill Henson’s work, identifying three ways of viewing it: as ‘art’, as ‘pornography’ and as… well, ‘pornography’, albeit of a more nuanced variety; a product less of the artist’s intention than of the social environment, one in which children are subjected to ubiquitous forms of sexualisation (SeeCorporate Paedophilia: Sexualisation of children in Australia, E Rush and A La Nauze, Australia Institute, October 2006).
And again, it would seem that Hamilton is contradicting himself: on the one hand maintaining that “Despite her nakedness, the girl is not posed or presented in a sexualised way; if they are consumed in a pornographic way it is not the artist’s intention”; on the other, “In such a cultural environment, the naked body of a child, particularly a girl of 12 showing the first signs of sexual development, can no longer be viewed “innocently”, and cannot but be seen by everyone, other than hermits, in a sexual context”. So, with the possible exception of social hermits, Henson’s photography (to be precise, a handful of images until very recently on display at a gallery in Sydney), must be viewed as p-rnography. Perhaps the only saving grace for Henson, according to Hamilton, is the distinction that may be drawn between his intention — not, presumably, to produce titillating imagery of young girls — and the social context in which his work is received. But even in this instance Hamilton equivocates. Thus “Even among his fans, there seems to be a widespread feeling that his earlier images of intoxicated youths engaged in sex in dingy settings are ‘creepy’ and exploitative”. So too, presumably, his latest work.
It seems to me that, in vastly broadening the scope of artistic interpretation to the whole of society, Hamilton has effectively condemned Henson, as well as the gallery owners. Under Section 91G of the Crimes Act, the Act under which NSW police were authorised to confiscate Henson’s work, the crime of child pornography is defined, in part, as follows:
Any person who:
(a) uses a child who is under the age of 14 years for pornographic purposes, or
(b) causes or procures a child of that age to be so used, or
(c) having the care of a child of that age, consents to the child being so used or allows the child to be so used,
is guilty of an offence. For which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for 14 years. In addition:
(3) For the purposes of this section, a child is used by a person for pornographic purposes if:
(a) the child is engaged in sexual activity, or
(b) the child is placed in a sexual context, or
(c) the child is subjected to torture, cruelty or physical abuse (whether or not in a sexual context),
for the purposes of the production of pornographic material by that person.
Assuming that (a) and (c) do not apply in this case, it would appear that guilt or innocence would depend on whether or not “the child is placed in a sexual context”. If one were to accept Hamilton’s logic — the context is society, and the society is one in which children are ‘sexualised’ — this would seem, perhaps sadly, but inevitably, to be the case.
And Henson is a p-rnographer.
The Art Gallery of NSW makes Bill Henson part of its “for schools” program.
Henson represented Australia at the Venice Biennale in 1995 which broke records with 123,649 people attending the exhibition. He also received a $20,000 Australia Council fellowship that same year.
He had a major retrospective in 2005 at the Art Gallery of NSW and the National Gallery of Victoria in 2005.
According to the AGNSW, Henson’s work is held in all major Australian collections including the Art Gallery of NSW, Art Gallery of SA, Art Gallery of WA, National Gallery of Victoria and the National Gallery of Australia. Among international collections, Henson’s work is held in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Denver Art Museum, the Houston Museum of Fine Art, 21C Museum, Louisville, the Montreal Museum of Fine Art, Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the DG Bank Collection in Frankfurt, and the Sammlung Volpinum and the Museum Moderner Kunst, Vienna.
“I find them absolutely revolting,” said Kevin Rudd, who may not know much about art…
2 . Hamilton: Art or p-rn is not the question
Clive Hamilton writes:
For decades in post-war Israel performances of works by Richard Wagner were banned. The associations between Nazi Germany and Wagner’s music were too strong in the minds of most Israelis.
The argument was not about the quality of Wagner’s music but the political meaning of it. I make this observation in the context of the furore over Bill Henson’s photographic exhibition, which includes pictures of a n-ked 13-year-old girl, to remind us that art, like sport, cannot be separated from politics.
All art engages with culture, at least good art does. Henson has been praised by critics and supporters for challenging our sensibilities and pushing the boundaries of social acceptability. So why is Henson, by all accounts a garrulous man, refusing to defend his work?
Artists and the artistic community cannot push the boundaries of social acceptance and then, when they get a reaction, step back declaring “I’m just an artist” or “Art is sacrosanct and should be above the fray”, especially when the reaction is the one they wanted, if in smaller doses.
There are at three ways of looking at Henson’s latest images. The first is to see them as artistic representations designed to elicit certain feelings and ideas concerned with themes like the vulnerability of youth, the transformation of children into adults, and the contrast between teenage angst and the pointlessness of life.
Something along these lines is Henson’s primary purpose and, it’s fair to assume, is the type of experience anticipated by most of those who would have visited the Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery to see Henson’s work.
The second way of looking at the pictures is through the eyes of pederasts and perhaps the much larger number of men who have normal s-xual lives but cannot help finding these sorts of images disturbingly er-tic.
In most of the public comment on the controversy these are the only two ways of understanding Henson’s photographs ─ they are either art or p-rnography. Within this conventional frame, they are art in my opinion. Despite her nakedness, the girl is not posed or presented in a s-xualised way; if they are consumed in a p-rnographic way it is not the artist’s intention.
Although not expert in the law, I would be very surprised if a court convicted anyone for taking or displaying these pictures. However, deciding that the photographs are not p-rnographic does not end the ethical argument. Despite the predictable positions taken by moral campaigners and civil libertarians, the situation is more complicated, which brings me to the third way of seeing Henson’s pictures.
Over the last decade or so advertisers and the wider culture have increasingly er-ticised children. They have been over-loaded with adult s-xual material and have had attributed to them forms of adult s-xual behaviour, including being dressed, posed and made up as if they were s-xually active, taught that having crushes and s-xual feelings is normal and even that engaging in various s-xual practices at their age is fine. Children as young as eight and nine are now routinely treated in this way.
This has been a recent phenomenon ─ previously it was only teenagers of around 16 or more who were presented this way ─ yet it has occurred slowly enough for most Australians to be inured to it or to accept that that is just how the world is. After all, when even respectable retailers like David Jones er-ticise 10 and 12-year-old girls in their advertisements, it is easy to dismiss any objections we may have as peculiar to ourselves.
The er-ticisation of childhood means that we have been conditioned to see children differently, as having adult s-xual characteristics, urges and desires. How else can we explain why we seem to accept mothers going shopping with 12-year-old daughters dressed like pr-stitutes? Why are we blasé about pre-teens watching video clips showing simulated intercourse? And why do we allow girls magazines widely read by pre-teens to advise that an-l s-x is a “personal choice”?”
Why have we done nothing about these and a hundred other manifestations of child s-xualisation?
In such a cultural environment, the n-ked body of a child, particularly a girl of 12 showing the first signs of s-xual development, can no longer be viewed “innocently”, and cannot but be seen by everyone, other than hermits, in a s-xual context.
If Henson did not know this then he should have, and so should the gallery owner and the girl’s parents. Putting the images on the internet was unforgivable, for in doing so they relinquished all control over how the images are seen and consumed.
It is fair to ask whether Henson was entirely innocent of the s-xual context in which his pictures would be viewed. Even among his fans, there seems to be a widespread feeling that his earlier images of intoxicated youths engaged in s-x in dingy settings are ‘creepy’ and exploitative.
Yet it is now clear that over the last two years, the Australian public has woken from its apathy and has become restive over the exploitation of children by the marketers and purveyors of popular culture. We should not be surprised that this disquiet has boiled over in response to the Henson exhibition.
I suspect that the extraordinary levels of anxiety over paedophilia in recent years have represented, at least in part, an over-compensation by society for its complicity in permitting children to be s-xualised. Now that anger is being directed at the real targets, Henson’s latest work might be collateral damage or it might be more deeply implicated.
CRIKEY: See Leo Schofield in conversation with Bill Henson here.
Crikey hyphenates words like s-x and v-gina not out of prudery, but in an attempt to lull over-zealous email spam filters into a false sense of security.
U. Utah Phillips has passed away in his sleep at 11:30PM PDT on May 23, 2008.
Utah has caught the westbound, and I am at a great loss. For myself and my wife Pam, to Joanna and to all Utah’s family and friends we express our deepest sympathy.
Shit. I hope I ain’t got the flu. Searching Google blogs for “Bill Henson” I get:
We’re sorry…
… but your query looks similar to automated requests from a computer virus or spyware application. To protect our users, we can’t process your request right now.
We’ll restore your access as quickly as possible, so try again soon. In the meantime, if you suspect that your computer or network has been infected, you might want to run a virus checker or spyware remover to make sure that your systems are free of viruses and other spurious software.
We apologize for the inconvenience, and hope we’ll see you again on Google.
Opening tonight at the elegant Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery in the heart of Paddington is an exhibition of photographs by Bill Henson, featuring naked 12 and 13 year-olds
Devine’s concern is the sexualisation of children, a project which has allegedly brought together “artists, perverts, academics, libertarians, the media and advertising industries, respectable corporations and the porn industry – to smash taboos of previous generations and define down community standards… successfully erod[ing] the special protection once afforded childhood”.
Previously in the ascendant, today these malignant forces confront a backlash, one consisting of “parents, feminists, psychologists, teachers, grandparents – conservatives and progressives”. Further, “At the eye of the storm is the current Senate inquiry into the “sexualisation of children in the media”, instigated by the Democrats leader, Lyn Allison, and due to report next month”. (An inquiry which is, quite probably, one of the Democrats’ last gasps.)
However, in what is, presumably, regarded by Devine as a small victory for parents, feminists, psychologists, teachers and grandparents, the Henson exhibition has been closed, a number of the works confiscated by NSW police, and the artist himself, as well as the gallery owners, likely to be charged with criminal offences. Dolly (ACP) and Girlfriend (Pacific) magazines, on the other hand — publications which, Devine reports, Julie Gale, a Melbourne mother of two and the founder of parents’ lobby group, Kids Free 2B Kids, claims has a “preponderance of 11, 12, and 13 year-olds featured in their pages, along with stories about anal sex” — may carry on unmolested.
‘Who would call this art?’ ask Clare Masters and Justin Vallejo (The Daily Telegraph, May 23, 2008). Not, apparently, either the NSW Premier Morris Iemma — “As a father of four I find it offensive and disgusting,” Mr Iemma said — nor Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd — “I think they’re revolting” (Rudd ‘revolted’ at art of naked children, ninemsn, May 23, 2008). Not to be outdone, soon-to-be-dumped Leader of the Federal Opposition, Brendan Nelson, reckons the whole thing is decidedly un-Australian (Naked child photos ‘violate Aussie values’, AAP/Herald Sun, May 23, 2008).
Others, however, disagree with the assessment of police, Premier and Prime Minister, at least insofar as the nature of the photographic images contained in the censored exhibition are concerned. ‘Adolescent nude photos not unusual: art expert’ (The Sydney Morning Herald, May 23, 2008): “The naked body has been the subject of art for thousands of years and artist Bill Henson’s photographic exhibit of nude adolescents is not pornographic, an art expert says. The question, said art market analyst Michael Reid, is “have the images [been] sexualised?,” and believes they have not.” Meanwhile, “John McDonald, art critic for the Sydney Morning Herald, says there is nothing sexual about the photos. “To me, the big shame is that the only time that we start looking at art and talking about art in the mainstream media is when it’s banned, when it’s supposedly pornographic, when it’s doing something that’s taboo,” he told ABC Radio’s AM (Art community defends naked teen photo exhibition, May 23, 2008).
Henson is one of Australia’s foremost photographic artists with a considerable international reputation. Much of his work explores the idea of adolescence as metamorphosis from childhood to adulthood. It reminds the viewer of the anxieties, confusions and intense emotions in which their mature selves were forged.
The photographs in question are of a naked girl, back-lit, who appears to be about 12 years old. Her poses and expression convey wistfulness and ambiguity, as if she is saying “Here I am, as you see me; but who am I?”. Like much of Henson’s work they have a dream-like quality to them.
The photographs show the girl’s budding breasts, her hips and, in one case, a glimpse of her vagina. Their intention is not to arouse erotic feelings and they are unlikely to do so except in those already inclined to view children in that way. They are imaginative, haunting and beautiful. Although not sexual images, they can be seen as a commentary on the slow, halting and unsettling metamorphosis of child’s body into an adult one.
However, the fact that the pictures cannot be characterised as pornographic is not the end of the ethical story because the social context in which the photographs are presented changes their nature.
If we lived in a society of sophisticated people with mature sexuality, one that respected children and the integrity of their maturation process, then there could be no objection to the Henson exhibition. Alternatively, if the photographs were seen only by the intended audience and in the gallery environment, the exhibition could fulfill its purpose without controversy.
Perhaps some decades ago such a world, or at least a subset of the world, existed; but it doesn’t any more. The exhibition cannot be isolated from a society in which children are increasingly exploited for commercial reasons and used for gratification…
In other words, the kinds of images of children’s bodies present in Henson’s work must inevitably be viewed, it would seem, as ‘pornographic’: “In destroying the sexual innocence of children they [that is, the forces responsible for “the sexualisation of children by the media and the wider culture”] have destroyed the innocence of innocence.” In short, no-one is ‘innocent’, and the viewing of images of children’s naked bodies — regardless of the intent of the producer — is a ‘pornographic’ experience. In summary, Hamilton argues:
Closing down the exhibition should not be characterised as the victory of prudery over artistic licence. Oddly perhaps, if the exhibition had been mounted in more conservative times it would have passed unremarked and been appreciated by the art-loving minority. If artists have a responsibility to push at the boundaries of the acceptable, society has a responsibility to push back. After a decade or more in which children have been increasingly exploited, society is beginning to push back and Bill Henson has been a victim: innocent perhaps, but he should have known better.
Response
As a result of the police confiscation and surrounding publicity, Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery issued a statement:
Statement on behalf of Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery and Bill Henson
After much consideration we have decided to withdraw a number of works from the current Bill Henson exhibition that have attracted controversy. The current show, without the said works, will be re-opened for viewing in coming days.
Bill Henson is one of Australia’s leading contemporary artists and is internationally respected. His works are held in every leading art institution in Australia and are included in the collections of a number of the world’s most prestigious art museums. The Art Gallery of New South Wales and the National Gallery of Victoria have both recently held a retrospective of 30 years of the artist’s work.
Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery will remain closed while the current exhibition is re-hung.
As it stands, then, the exhibition is going ahead — minus the offending photographs — although police are “likely” to lay charges against the gallery owners under Section 578C of the NSW Crimes Act (1900). If found guilty, the maximum penalty for such an offence “in the case of an individual” is “100 penalty units or imprisonment for 12 months (or both), and in the case of a corporation 200 penalty units”.
Writing in The Australian (Porn case is likely to fail, May 24, 2008), however, Chris Merritt believes that these and other associated charges are unlikely to stick:
THE success rate in obscenity trials in Australia is extremely low – and experts believe the looming case against renowned photographer Bill Henson will prove no different. With Henson facing the possibility of indecency and child pornography charges after police seized 20 of his works from a Sydney gallery yesterday, Australia is facing a rerun of the divisive Oz obscenity trials in the 1960s and 70s. The case will almost certainly boil down to a decision by either a magistrate or a jury on whether the photographs are obscene… They were seized yesterday using a warrant issued under a Section 91G of the NSW Crimes Act which prohibits the use of children for pornographic purposes. If charges are laid under the same provision, the fate of the photographs could turn on whether expert evidence can show they were being used for an artistic purpose…
Note that, under Section 91G:
Any person who:
(a) uses a child who is under the age of 14 years for pornographic purposes, or
(b) causes or procures a child of that age to be so used, or
(c) having the care of a child of that age, consents to the child being so used or allows the child to be so used,
is guilty of an offence. For which the maximum penalty is imprisonment for 14 years. In addition:
(3) For the purposes of this section, a child is used by a person for pornographic purposes if:
(a) the child is engaged in sexual activity, or
(b) the child is placed in a sexual context, or
(c) the child is subjected to torture, cruelty or physical abuse (whether or not in a sexual context),
for the purposes of the production of pornographic material by that person.
Assuming that (a) and (c) do not apply in this case, it would appear that guilt or innocence would depend on whether or not “the child is placed in a sexual context”. If one were to accept Hamilton’s logic, this would seem — perhaps sadly, but inevitably — to be the case.
The Law Society of NSW has backed embattled artist Bill Henson, who could face charges after police seized his latest gallery images which feature nude children. Society president Hugh Macken said he could not see how a crime had been committed, and police prosecutors would have to argue the renowned Melbourne-based artist had intended to produce something other than art. “What is relevant to the commission of a crime is the intention,” Mr Macken told reporters in Sydney. “If the intention is to produce a work of art, and solely to produce a work of art, then I can’t see how a crime has been committed.”
Which would appear to be a rather sensible position, as well as present a difficult challenge for police. That is, assuming that Macken is correct, “the challenge” is to demonstrate that Henson intended to produce ‘pornography’ rather than ‘art’.
Finally, note that, perhaps not unexpectedly, the gallery owners have allegedly been subjected to threats of violence (Gallery under angry siege, Frank Walker and Heath Gilmore, May 25, 2008The Age, May 25, 2008).
Artists rage: let us undress 13-year-olds
Saturday, May 24, 2008
Many Australians would agree:
THE art world has denounced a ”dark day in Australian culture” after police seized up to 21 photographs of naked child models and said they would lay charges over an exhibition by the renowned artist Bill Henson.
But the difference here, of course, is that the “art world” thinks the darkness in our culture isn’t the stripping and photographing of 13-year-old girls, but the seizing of the soft-porn shots by police.
UPDATE
An Age headline-writer insists:
“Creepy? Perhaps, but it’s not porn”
This appears over an article by Age critic and theosauritis victim Robert Nelson, who on the contrary admits:
In the past, I’ve been critical of Henson’s work and have noted the parallel between his images and pornography. The sense of a powerful male presence of the photographer and a disempowered youngster as model has to be faced. I find the pictures a bit creepy.
I feel that someone is going to steal up on the girl on my computer and offer her various comforts that will put her even further in a man’s power. So the images could almost be set up for sinister wish-fulfilment, a dream of possessing and controlling an almost nubile child for sexual gratification.
So in fact it’s creepy AND porn. Creepy because it’s porn. You see, Nelson has just described a common reaction to pedophile pornography, forcing him (and his sub editor) to then arbitrarily redefine the work that produced that reaction to merely “creepy” to dodge the debate. It’s the psueds’ [sic] equivalent of saying they read Playboy just for the articles.
To add insult to insincerity, Nelson – desperate to find reasons to justify a gut reaction contradicted by his groin [!] – then insists that if you can’t perve on 13-year-olds, you are dead to sex [!]:
But without the artistic inquiry that recognises irregular erotic feelings, we have a culture without curiosity for sexuality, a repressive regime that simply seeks to crush feelings as illegitimate just because they don’t conform to our best moral templates.
The same argument, of course, can be run to justify the publication of photographs and films celebrating rape, bestiality, incest, necrophilia and extreme sado-maoschism. Without that, by Nelson’s desperate argument, we wouldn’t be interested in sex at all.
Makes you wonder how devout Christians, Muslims and Jews ever reproduced.
Fact is, Henson’s photographs are soft porn, featuring girls as young as 13. The arts lobby likes to boast that artists change society. Now is not the time to argue that when it comes to an artist’s child porn, the effects will not be felt outside the gallery walls. That’s wimping it, in many ways.
The only consistent defence you could make of this exhibition is that letting gallery habitues and the artistically inclined enjoy child porn is worth the risk of having other children stripped, photographed and enjoyed by people not quite so, um, refined.
UPDATE 2
Tim Blair points out that Nelson’s argument is sillier still. Take Nelson’s plea that we respect the violent taboos of extremists in the Middle East:
In some cultures, it seems unquestionably appropriate to behead a woman for wearing a miniskirt. And up to a point, we have to respect those alien standards… It would be much better to look at the photographs with a humbler mind, form your own opinions and move on. Unfortunately, the law is denying us this fundamental right.
Observes Blair:
So we have to respect “alien standards” in regard to beheading women, but the alien standards of Australian law in regard to pictures of naked children are some kind of rights-denial deal. Art critics are morons.
Teh interwebs is being blamed for violent clashes between angry yoofs in Belgium. Supposedly, RSC Anderlecht fans fought North African yoof outside the stadium in Brussels: “Police said the violence had been organised through a Web site calling for an “attack on all white fans of football club Anderlecht”. It was prompted by a confrontation between Anderlecht fans and a group of yoofs of north African origin after Anderlecht’s Belgian cup final victory last Sunday” (Football fans and African yoofs clash in Brussels, Reuters UK). A report in The Australian (Yoofs turn on police) claims that “400 to 500 teenagers, a mix of Anderlecht supporters and boneheads on one side and local yoofs of mainly North African origin on the other, duly squared off, but separated by 200 police, including mounted officers. The police presence prevented direct clashes, but the youngsters then turned on the police.”
Whatever.
Above : Welf Herfurth and amateur Holocaust revisionist Fredrick Töben unveil the NPD flag in Sydney
Across the border in Bamberg, Germany, the NPD is holding its annual conference, at which about 3-600 delegates attended, and several thousand more counter-protested. Udo Voigt, the current (since 1996) NPD Fuehrer, was invited by local ‘anarchist’, former NPD member, Blood & Honour supporter and New Right Fuehrer Welf Herfurth to address the 2003 Sydney Forum. Voigt was apparently denied a visa by the Australian Gub’mint on the basis that he was A Bad Man.
Bonus!
NOW THAT’S WHAT I CALL DRUMMING!
At any parking space on the information superhighway the feeling of absurdity can strike any man in the face.
Update : OK, so the balding villain in the piece appears to be Darrin ‘Sleeping Dragon’ Hodges. According to Weezil: “Eagle-eyed mgk readers will have noted that this site was ’suspended’ from about 1AM to 9AM AEST today. This was due to a false complaint of child pornography on this site, lodged by Darrin Hodges, one of our beloved local white supremacists/neo nazis, about the Bill Henson image accompanying the immediately preceding post.” In addition to once declaring that Hitler had the requisite views on multiculturalism, on Stormfront Down Under, in 2005, concerning the racist pogrom in Cronulla, Dazza declared: “Friends, today was an historic day, the day Australians stood up against state-imposed multiculturalism”… Accompanying his posting is a series of photographs he took at Cronulla that day, including one of a T-shirt emblazoned with the words “wog free zone” and another of a sign offering free sausages to the crowd, with “no tabouli”. Cretinous yes, but credible? Not especially. Darrin even fancies himself as being something of an anarchist nowadays!
Over a month ago, my blog was the subject of a complaint. To cut a long story short, it took a few weeks for it to come back up. At the time, credit for this interruption in our regular broadcasting schedule was taken by a member of a local fascist group, known as the New Right. One of those who supported my blogging efforts was Weezil, a blogger from NSW, and the blogger behind machinegunkeyboard. Unfortunately, seemingly as the result of a complaint by another fascist, Weezil’s blog has just now been suspended by MD Webhosting. In addition, feminist blogger suki (suki has an opinion) has also been shut up.
We cross now to Weezil:
For those of you unfamiliar with my blog, the main topics of mgk:Machine Gun Keyboard, normally located at http://machinegunkeyboard.com, are social justice, civil rights, civil liberties, anti-racism, media vs. democracy and freedom of speech. I have my own website because my views are not always popular and I wanted a site where I had final editorial control- within the broad and reasonable limits of the terms of service agreement with my host.
My hosting company, MD Webhosting, have suspended access to http://machinegunkeyboard.com. My email program started throwing errors at about 1.16am this morning. Everything’s down, email, FTP and the website itself. There was no reason given. MD Webhosting made no attempt to contact me. I really don’t know specifically at this point WHY the site has been suspended- but I have a VERY good suspicion.
On Thursday, 22nd May, I put up a post on mgk entitled ‘Paedophilic pornography paranoia’ where I lambasted the NSW Police for taking seriously a complaint of child pornography against world-renowned photographer Bill Henson, whom you will know (unless you live under a rock) has had his most recent exhibition of nude photography closed after a complaint from Hetty Johnston of an anti-child abuse group called ‘Bravehearts.’ Police have seized 21 of 40 images from the Henson exhibition at the Roslyn Oxley9 gallery in Paddington. Police also say they expect to lay charges regarding the ‘depiction of a child under the age of 16 in a sexual situation.’
Art obscenity charges
Josephine Tovey, Les Kennedy and Dylan Welch The Sydney Morning Herald
May 24, 2008
Henson is a photographer of international renown, with works exhibited in museums worldwide. His images are used in NSW high schools as part of the photography curriculum. We are not dealing with a common pornographer.
Amongst educated people, there is no controversy. Hetty Johnson and NSW Police have not just gone overboard but are sinking to the bottom- FAST:
Under fair comment (Aus) and fair use (as mgk is physically published from server facilities in the USA) guidelines, I normally host a copy of an illustrating image to go with my blog posts. This post about paedo porno paranoia was accompanied by a Bill Henson image I found out on the web. That image is attached. The image is also available at http://xupacabras.weblog.com.pt/arquivo/BillHenson.jpg
I specifically chose a Henson image that could in no way be construed as ‘pornographic’ nor ‘sexualised.’ A supine model, alone, possibly sleeping, in soft, ‘painterly’ focus. A nude model under the age of 16 which is NOT in a sexualised context can in no way be construed as child pornography. The gist of the blog post itself (the text of which is presently locked up by MD Webhosting, so I can’t even copy it for you here) is that ‘neither nudity nor pubescence alone constitute pornography.’
Is it a confronting image? You bet it is. That is largely due to the cultivated paranoia regarding child pornography. The viewer must take a moment and think about the image. Is this a sexual situation or simply a lovely image of an adolescent form? This is what art SHOULD do. It should make us THINK about what we’re viewing. What is this young girl’s story? Is she actually human or something supernatural, a woodland faerie at rest perhaps? Is she even alive? Could this be an image of a body thrown from an airplane crash? There’s any number of possible stories that could go with this image, but absolutely NONE of them would include titillation or prurience- UNLESS the viewers themselves had some sexual interest in adolescents! If sexual interest in an adolescent is part of the viewer’s story, that simply has to come from the viewer- because it is not present in the image.
Some argue that nude depictions of adolescents should be banned because they are arousing for paedophiles. If this is so, Bondi Beach should be shut at once. Museums should require ID cards and psychological examinations for those who want to view nude artworks.
We can not, should not and DO not alter our entire society to compensate for every specific human failing or shield us from every danger- or there would be no cars, bars or casinos. Healthy humans don’t pursue every urge, to excess or otherwise. You don’t protect children from drowning by banning water- you teach them how to swim.
This foolish attack on nude depictions of adolescents- which are very clearly NOT pornographic- vastly devalues the case of Hetty Johnson and other child protection activists. The boy has cried wolf.
Johnson has elected to take on the art world as well as civil libertarians. If Henson and myself are child pornographers, Johnson will necessarily use the same standard to trawl museums and libraries, seeking to eradicate ALL nude images of adolescents and children, in sexualised context or not. This is very clearly not just unacceptable but well beyond the pale. I normally would support Johnson’s stances when she comes to the aid of exploited children- in a reasonable manner. I’m FULLY disappointed that someone who could be doing something useful has pulled a stunt that has not only backfired but will set back the cause of child protection for DECADES.
Depiction of nude human forms of all ages has been around since the most common medium was a cave wall. Of all the obvious subjects for art created by humans, humans themselves must be the most obvious. Nude cherubs, based on human infants, flit about in Renaissance paintings from numerous artists. Sylphs, faeries and goddesses often take androgynous, prepubescent forms. We don’t see libraries and museums conducting cleansing bonfires- and for very good reason. Nudity alone does not constitute pornography. Adolescence is as fair a subject for nude depiction as any other phase of human existence. To deny that we have human form between infancy and adulthood is patently absurd.
Despite numerous contacts with MD Webhosting via trouble tickets filed via the customer control panel, they have YET to contact me, in spite of the MD Webhosting commitment to 24 hour customer service. I have yet to confirm that this kerfuffle is precisely why mgk is presently shut off, but it could SIMPLY be nothing else. The hosting fees are paid in advance and the domain registration has recently been renewed til 2009. I’ll update you with some certainty once I have heard from them. Until this is sorted out, I am contactable only via my optusnet account.
This much I’ll tell you- mgk will go back live with NO content changes. If that means I have to move hosts, so be it- but I’m LIVID- and hell hath NO fury like a censored writer.
Regards
Brian aka ‘weez’
mgk:Machine Gun Keyboard
http://machinegunkeyboard.com
So I’ve decided to update the Francis de Groot Brigade file. Aside from the inevitable sectarian melodramas and paranoid speculation over who’s working for ZOG, there’s not a great deal that’s ‘news’: the far right remains more or less where it was several years ago. Nevertheless, there have been some developments. Thus in addition to the raft of personnel changes on Stormfront Down Under, and the three-way split in the Australia First Party, perhaps the most significant event has been the emergence of the notional anarchists of the New Right. An attempt to employ ostensibly anarchist rhetoric and imagery in the name of white supremacy, the New Right/national anarchists are a rum lot, whose public manifestations have thus far been confined to three protest rallies. First, the APEC demonstrations in Sydney (September 8, 2007); secondly, the Olympic Torch rally in Canberra (April 24, 2008) and finally the May Day rally in Melbourne (May 4, 2008). No doubt they will be attending future rallies, much to the general bewilderment of the left and the public-at-large.
As the media, the politicians and the “experts” rack their brains in search of the cause of the “criminality” and “xenophobia” that has killed 42 people in 10 days and driven [at least] 15,000 from their homes, organisations of the working class have come closer to the truth than any of these wise men and women.
Abahlali baseMjondolo [the South African shackdwellers’ movement] tell how “the anger of the poor can go in many directions”. They tell how fury is stirred up by “the rats and the fires and the lack of toilets”, by unemployment, homelessness and mandrax. They tell how people are “damaged” in a world where few are rich and many are poor.
The demon that has been unleashed in Gauteng, that is spreading to Mpumalanga and other provinces, is the demon of poverty. It is the child of the demon of capitalism, of the demon of exploitation.
But another demon has also been unleashed. This is the demon of NATIONALISM.
Abahlali point out that all the poor, all the workers, face “the same kind of oppression”. They call on all the poor and the workers to join in struggle against this oppression. The Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front joins this call.
But against this unity of the working class appears another unity, a false unity, the unity of nationalism. This is a false unity between the rich and the poor, between the oppressor and the oppressed. It is a false unity that divides those who should be united. It proclaims that because the master and the slave were born in the same country, they have something in common, from which the slaves of other countries must be excluded.
The ZACF does not deny or reject bonds of language, culture and tradition. But in the greatest of struggles, the struggle against poverty, exploitation and oppression, we proclaim that class unity, the unity of all the oppressed and exploited, must come first.
When Winnie Madikizela-Mandela declares that those who attack foreigners are not real “South Africans”, she calls up the demon of nationalism. She says that to be South African is good, and not to be South African is bad. She presents herself as a leader who can decide who are the real South Africans. And like so many politicians, she would surely say we should be “proudly South African” – as if where you are born is the most important thing to be proud of.
These are the divisions that keep us in slavery, that stop us uniting against our true enemies. Our true enemies – the real criminals – are the capitalists and the state, the robbers who exploit us and the politicians who lie to us. Always these partners stand together against us, and seek to stop us standing together against them. They so fill our heads with lies that some of us even think the insane rise in food prices is somehow the work of foreigners – when clearly it is the work of the small band of capitalists of all countries who control the world’s food.
Poverty and oppression can never be resolved through capitalism or the state.
The ZACF agrees with the greatest part of Abahlali’s analysis and supports the bulk of their demands. But we have one difference. We cannot join in their call for “a police force that serves the people”. No police force can be anything other than a force of repression, a force for the state to keep itself on top and the masses at the bottom, a force for the defence of the rich against the poor. Again and again the police have shown this against the movements of the poor, arresting, torturing and murdering us. Not to mention their attacks on immigrants. When the politicians condemn poor South Africans for attacking foreigners, it is because they wish to preserve this power of violence for themselves and their forces alone.
We can and do fight to stop the worst police repression. And any of us, in fear of our lives, will seek the help of the police when there is no alternative. We cannot blame anyone for seeking refuge with the police, or for calling them in to prevent imminent attacks.
But we hope for something better. If there is no alternative, let us try to create one. Let us build our movements to the point where immigrants – or women facing rape, or gay and lesbian people facing chauvinistic violence – do not need to seek the dubious help of the police. Let us build strong, organised working class communities that can defend themselves and their comrades against repression and chauvinism.
And let us build our movements to the point where they can fight oppression in every form, everywhere. The dockworkers of Durban recently prevented a shipment of weapons from passing through South Africa to the Mugabe regime – but the weapons reached the butcher of Harare by another route. With a stronger movement, an international movement of the working class, we could halt all future shipments. We could cease quarreling over the supposed ideals of tyrants and topple tyranny. We could cease fighting over who should get a house, and demand and obtain houses for all. We could cease blaming our brothers and sisters for “taking jobs”, and demand and get jobs for all. We could cease seeking scapegoats for soaring food prices, and force a halt in the rise in prices as a step towards food for all. We could win ID books for all – or better still, a world in which none will need ID books. We could tear down the Lindela concentration camp. And building a global movement that reaches across every border, we could proclaim to the whole world:
Two Greek anarchists are making molotov cocktails. One says to the other: "So who will we throw these at then?" The other replies: "What are you, some kind of fucking intellectual?"